目前全國上下從幼升小到高考正在深入進行的一系列重大歷史性教改，都是中央頂層設計的結果。”一位教育觀察家發(fā)出如此感慨，來源于北京師范大學資深教授、中國教育學會名譽會長、著名教育家顧明遠透露的一個信息。

　　作為國家考試指導委員會的24位委員之一，顧明遠明確指出，這次的新高考改革前后醞釀了整整4年時間，經過了10多輪討論，之后又分別通過了國務院教育改革領導小組、國務院常務會議討論，最終經中央常委會議、政治局討論，才最終確定了下來!

　　除此之外，由中央拍板的小升初、中考，包括高考，整個基礎教育界又再面臨怎樣的變革?

　　一、中高考將包含小學知識，學科無考試大綱

　　“以后的高考、中考，在小學學的內容也是必考內容，明顯降低中考、高考的考試難度。”

　　通過中考、高考的強勢變革引導學生從幼升小開始廣泛閱讀、見多識廣，增加考試的范圍、廣度而不是難度，糾正目前全國上下幾十年來早已根深蒂固的課內外教學的“奇、難、偏、怪“問題。三十年高考實踐證明，偏題、怪題選拔的人才上限不高。

　　簡單地說就是——學生該掌握的必須掌握，最基礎的知識必須掌握，必須掌握的還要掌握牢固。

　　降低學生平時學習負擔，摒棄在全國普遍存在的9年義務教育畸形掐尖的嚴重現(xiàn)象，構建符合學生成長和年齡階段正常、合理的教育環(huán)境，逐漸修補早已破壞深重的國家教育生態(tài)。

　　為展現(xiàn)國家的決心和實施的力度，2017年9月新學年開學，全國上下中小學學校教材全都采用重新制定的新版本，以對接國家教育的重大變革。

　　“今后，主要學科的考試將不再有考試大綱，哪個學生的知識越寬廣、體系越健全而不是越艱深，哪個學生就會成為教改重大變革最受益的群體成員。”

　　169. Don\\\\\\\'t let yesterday use up too much of today. 別留念昨天了，把握好今天吧。(Will Rogers) 170. If you are not brave enough, no one will back you up. 你不勇敢，沒人替你堅強。171. If you don\\\\\\\'t build your dream, someone will hire you to build theirs. 如果你沒有夢想，那么你只能為別人的夢想打工。172. Beauty is all around, if you just open your heart to see. 只要你給自己機會，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你的世界可以很美麗。173. The difference in winning and losing is most often...not quitting. 贏與輸的差別通常是--不放棄。(華特·迪士尼) 174. I am ordinary yet unique. 我很平凡，但我獨一無二。175. I like people who make me laugh in spite of myself. 我喜歡那些讓我笑起來的人，就算是我不想笑的時候。176. Image a new story for your life and start living it. 為你的生命想一個全新劇本，并去傾情出演吧!177. I\\\\\\\'d rather be a happy fool than a sad sage. 做個悲傷的智者，不如做個開心的傻子。178. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. 未來屬于那些相信夢想之美的人。(埃莉諾·羅斯福) 179. Even if you get no applause, you should accept a curtain call gracefully and appreciate your own efforts. 即使沒有人為你鼓掌，也要優(yōu)雅的謝幕，感謝自己的認真付出。180. Don\\\\\\\'t let dream just be your dream. 別讓夢想只停留在夢里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 沒有笑聲的一天是浪費了的一天。(卓別林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧，見的世面多了，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)原來在意的那些結根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功關鍵都是熟能生巧�！渡�活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 開心一點吧，管它會怎樣。185. A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow. 今天的好計劃勝過明天的完美計劃。186. Nothing is impossible, the word itself says \\\\\\\'I\\\\\\\'m possible\\\\\\\'! 一切皆有可能!“不可能”的意思是：“不，可能。”(奧黛麗·赫本) 187. Life isn\\\\\\\'t fair, but no matter your circumstances, you have to give it your all. 生活是不公平的，不管你的境遇如何，你只能全力以赴。188. No matter how hard it is, just keep going because you only fail when you give up. 無論多么艱難，都要繼續(xù)前進，因為只有你放棄的那一刻，你才輸了。 When Paul Jobs was mustered out of the Coast Guard after World War II, he made a wager with his crewmates. They had arrived in San Francisco, where their ship was decommissioned, and Paul bet that he would find himself a wife within two weeks. He was a taut, tattooed engine mechanic, six feet tall, with a passing resemblance to James Dean. But it wasn’t his looks that got him a date with Clara Hagopian, a sweet-humored daughter of Armenian immigrants. It was the fact that he and his friends had a car, unlike the group she had originally planned to go out with that evening. Ten days later, in March 1946, Paul got engaged to Clara and won his wager. It would turn out to be a happy marriage, one that lasted until death parted them more than forty years later. Paul Reinhold Jobs had been raised on a dairy farm in Germantown, Wisconsin. Even though his father was an alcoholic and sometimes abusive, Paul ended up with a gentle and calm disposition under his leathery exterior. After dropping out of high school, he wandered through the Midwest picking up work as a mechanic until, at age nineteen, he joined the Coast Guard, even though he didn’t know how to swim. He was deployed on the USS General M. C. Meigs and spent much of the war ferrying troops to Italy for General Patton. His talent as a machinist and fireman earned him commendations, but he occasionally found himself in minor trouble and never rose above the rank of seaman. Clara was born in New Jersey, where her parents had landed after fleeing the Turks in Armenia, and they moved to the Mission District of San Francisco when she was a child. She had a secret that she rarely mentioned to anyone: She had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. So when she met Paul Jobs on that first date, she was primed to start a new life. Clara, however, loved San Francisco, and in 1952 she convinced her husband to move back there. They got an apartment in the Sunset District facing the Pacific, just south of Golden Gate Park, and he took a job working for a finance company as a “repo man,” picking the locks of cars whose owners hadn’t paid their loans and repossessing them. He also bought, repaired, and sold some of the cars, making a decent enough living in the process. There was, however, something missing in their lives. They wanted children, but Clara had suffered an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg was implanted in a fallopian tube rather than the uterus, and she had been unable to have any. So by 1955, after nine years of marriage, they were looking to adopt a child. Like Paul Jobs, Joanne Schieble was from a rural Wisconsin family of German heritage. Her father, Arthur Schieble, had immigrated to the outskirts of Green Bay, where he and his wife owned a mink farm and dabbled successfully in various other businesses, including real estate and photoengraving. He was very strict, especially regarding his daughter’s relationships, and he had strongly disapproved of her first love, an artist who was not a Catholic. Thus it was no surprise that he threatened to cut Joanne off completely when, as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, she fell in love with Abdulfattah “John” Jandali, a Muslim teaching assistant from Syria. Jandali was the youngest of nine children in a prominent Syrian family. His father owned oil refineries and multiple other businesses, with large holdings in Damascus and Homs, and at one point pretty much controlled the price of wheat in the region. His mother, he later said, was a “traditional Muslim woman” who was a “conservative, obedient housewife.” Like the Schieble family, the Jandalis put a premium on education. Abdulfattah was sent to a Jesuit boarding school, even though he was Muslim, and he got an undergraduate degree at the American University in Beirut before entering the University of Wisconsin to pursue a doctoral degree in political science. In the summer of 1954, Joanne went with Abdulfattah to Syria. They spent two months in Homs, where she learned from his family to cook Syrian dishes. When they returned to Wisconsin she discovered that she was pregnant. They were both twenty-three, but they decided not to get married. Her father was dying at the time, and he had threatened to disown her if she wed Abdulfattah. Nor was abortion an easy option in a small Catholic community. So in early 1955, Joanne traveled to San Francisco, where she was taken into the care of a kindly doctor who sheltered unwed mothers, delivered their babies, and quietly arranged closed adoptions. Joanne had one requirement: Her child must be adopted by college graduates. So the doctor arranged for the baby to be placed with a lawyer and his wife. But when a boy was born—on February 24, 1955—the designated couple decided that they wanted a girl and backed out. Thus it was that the boy became the son not of a lawyer but of a high school dropout with a passion for mechanics and his salt-of-the-earth wife who was working as a bookkeeper. Paul and Clara named their new baby Steven Paul Jobs. When Joanne found out that her baby had been placed with a couple who had not even graduated from high school, she refused to sign the adoption papers. The standoff lasted weeks, even after the baby had settled into the Jobs household. Eventually Joanne relented, with the stipulation that the couple promise—indeed sign a pledge—to fund a savings account to pay for the boy’s college education. There was another reason that Joanne was balky about signing the adoption papers. Her father was about to die, and she planned to marry Jandali soon after. She held out hope, she would later tell family members, sometimes tearing up at the memory, that once they were married, she could get their 別讓夢想只停留在夢里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 沒有笑聲的一天是浪費了的一天。(卓別林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧，見的世面多了，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)原來在意的那些結根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功關鍵都是熟能生巧�！渡�活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 開心一點吧，管它會怎樣。baby boy back. Arthur Schieble died in August 1955, after the adoption was finalized. Just after Christmas that year, Joanne and Abdulfattah were married in St. Philip the Apostle Catholic Church in Green Bay. He got his PhD in international politics the next year, and then they had another child, a girl named Mona. After she and Jandali divorced in 1962, Joanne embarked on a dreamy and peripatetic life that her daughter, who grew up to become the acclaimed novelist Mona Simpson, would capture in her book Anywhere but Here. Because Steve’s adoption had been closed, it would be twenty years before they would all find each other. Steve Jobs knew from an early age that he was adopted. “My parents were very open with me about that,” he recalled. He had a vivid memory of sitting on the lawn of his house, when he was six or seven years old, telling the girl who lived across the street. “So does that mean your real parents didn’t want you?” the girl asked. “Lightning bolts went off in my head,” according to Jobs. “I remember running into the house, crying. And my parents said, ‘No, you have to understand.’ They were very serious and looked me straight in the eye. They said, ‘We specifically picked you out.’ Both of my parents said that and repeated it slowly for me. And they put an emphasis on every word in that sentence.” Abandoned. Chosen. Special. Those concepts became part of who Jobs was and how he regarded himself. His closest friends think that the knowledge that he was given up at birth left some scars. “I think his desire for complete control of whatever he makes derives directly from his personality and the fact that he was abandoned at birth,” said one longtime colleague, Del Yocam. “He wants to control his environment, and he sees the product as an extension of himself.” Greg Calhoun, who became close to Jobs right after college, saw another effect. “Steve talked to me a lot about being abandoned and the pain that caused,” he said. “It made him independent. He followed the beat of a different drummer, and that came from being in a different world than he was born into.” Later in life, when he was the same age his biological father had been when he abandoned him, Jobs would father and abandon a child of his own. (He eventually took responsibility for her.) Chrisann Brennan, the mother of that child, said that being put up for adoption left Jobs “full of broken glass,” and it helps to explain some of his behavior. “He who is abandoned is an abandoner,” she said. Andy Hertzfeld, who worked with Jobs at Apple in the early 1980s, is among the few who remained close to both Brennan and Jobs. “The key question about Steve is why he can’t control himself at times from being so reflexively cruel and harmful to some people,” he said. “That goes back to being abandoned at birth. The real underlying problem was the theme of abandonment in Steve’s life.” Jobs dismissed this. “There’s some notion that because I was abandoned, I worked very hard so I could do well and make my parents wish they had me back, or some such nonsense, but that’s ridiculous,” he insisted. “Knowing I was adopted may have made me feel more independent, but I have never felt abandoned. I’ve always felt special. My parents made me feel special.” He would later bristle whenever anyone referred to Paul and Clara Jobs as his “adoptive” parents or implied that they were not his “real” parents. “They were my parents 1,000%,” he said. When speaking about his biological parents, on the other hand, he was curt: “They were my sperm and egg bank. That’s not harsh, it’s just the way it was, a sperm bank thing, nothing more.” Silicon Valley The childhood that Paul and Clara Jobs created for their new son was, in many ways, a stereotype of the late 1950s. When Steve was two they adopted a girl they named Patty, and three years later they moved to a tract house in the suburbs. The finance company where Paul worked as a repo man, CIT, had transferred him down to its Palo Alto office, but he could not afford to live there, so they landed in a subdivision in Mountain View, a less expensive town just to the south. There Paul tried to pass along his love of mechanics and cars. “Steve, this is your workbench now,” he said as he marked off a section of the table in their garage. Jobs remembered being impressed by his father’s focus on craftsmanship. “I thought my dad’s sense of design was pretty good,” he said, “because he knew how to build anything. If we needed a cabinet, he would build it. When he built our fence, he gave me a hammer so I could work with him.” Fifty years later the fence still surrounds the back and side yards of the house in Mountain View. As Jobs showed it off to me, he caressed the stockade panels and recalled a lesson that his father implanted deeply in him. It was important, his father said, to craft the backs of cabinets and fences properly, even though they were hidden. “He loved doing things right. He even cared about the look of the parts you couldn’t see.” His father continued to refurbish and resell used cars, and he festooned the garage with pictures of his favorites. He would point out the detailing of the design to his son: the lines, the vents, the chrome, the trim of the seats. After work each day, he would change into his dungarees and retreat to the garage, often with Steve tagging along. “I figured I could get him nailed down with a little mechanical ability, but he really wasn’t interested in getting his hands dirty,” Paul later recalled. “He never really cared too much about m189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness. 你必須十分努力，才能看起來毫不費力。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving. 人生就像騎單車，只有不斷前進，才能保持平衡。(愛因斯坦) 191. Be thankful for what you have.You\\\\\\\'ll end up having more. 擁有一顆感恩的心，最終你會得到更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. 美是一種內心的感覺，并反映在你的眼睛里。(索菲亞·羅蘭) 193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows. 朋友的作用，就是讓你快樂加倍，痛苦減半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you. 當你真心渴望某樣東西時，整個宇宙都會來幫忙。echanical things.” “I wasn’t that into fixing cars,” Jobs admitted. “But I was eager to hang out with my dad.” Even as he was growing more aware that he had been adopted, he was becoming more attached to his father. One day when he was about eight, he discovered a photograph of his father from his time in the Coast Guard. “He’s in the engine room, and he’s got his shirt off and looks like James Dean. It was one of those Oh wow moments for a kid. Wow, oooh, my parents were actually once very young and really good-looking.” Through cars, his father gave Steve his first exposure to electronics. “My dad did not have a deep understanding of electronics, but he’d encountered it a lot in automobiles and other things he would fix. He showed me the rudiments of electronics, and I got very interested in that.” Even more interesting were the trips to scavenge for parts. “Every weekend, there’d be a junkyard trip. We’d be looking for a generator, a carburetor, all sorts of components.” He remembered watching his father negotiate at the counter. “He was a good bargainer, because he knew better than the guys at the counter what the parts should cost.” This helped fulfill the pledge his parents made when he was adopted. “My college fund came from my dad paying $50 for a Ford Falcon or some other beat-up car that didn’t run, working on it for a few weeks, and selling it for $250—and not telling the IRS.” The Jobses’ house and the others in their neighborhood were built by the real estate developer Joseph Eichler, whose company spawned more than eleven thousand homes in various California subdivisions between 1950 and 1974. Inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright’s vision of simple modern homes for the American “everyman,” Eichler built inexpensive houses that featured floor-to-ceiling glass walls, open floor plans, exposed post-and-beam construction, concrete slab floors, and lots of sliding glass doors. “Eichler did a great thing,” Jobs said on one of our walks around the neighborhood. “His houses were smart and cheap and good. They brought clean design and simple taste to lower-income people. They had awesome little features, like radiant heating in the floors. You put carpet on them, and we had nice toasty floors when we were kids.” Jobs said that his appreciation for Eichler homes instilled in him a passion for making nicely designed products for the mass market. “I love it when you can bring really great design and simple capability to something that doesn’t cost much,” he said as he pointed out the clean elegance of the houses. “It was the original vision for Apple. That’s what we tried to do with the first Mac. That’s what we did with the iPod.” Across the street from the Jobs family lived a man who had become successful as a real estate agent. “He wasn’t that bright,” Jobs recalled, “but he seemed to be making a fortune. So my dad thought, ‘I can do that.’ He worked so hard, I remember. He took these night classes, passed the license test, and got into real estate. Then the bottom fell out of the market.” As a result, the family found itself financially strapped for a year or so while Steve was in elementary school. His mother took a job as a bookkeeper for Varian Associates, a company that made scientific instruments, and they took out a second mortgage. One day his fourth-grade teacher asked him, “What is it you don’t understand about the universe?” Jobs replied, “I don’t understand why all of a sudden my dad is so broke.” He was proud that his father never adopted a servile attitude or slick style that may have made him a better salesman. “You had to suck up to people to sell real estate, and he wasn’t good at that and it wasn’t in his nature. I admired him for that.” Paul Jobs went back to being a mechanic. His father was calm and gentle, traits that his son later praised more than emulated. He was also resolute. Jobs described one exampl What made the neighborhood different from the thousands of other spindly-tree subdivisions across America was that even the ne’er-do-wells tended to be engineers. “When we moved here, there were apricot and plum orchards on all of these corners,” Jobs recalled. “But it was beginning to boom because of military investment.” He soaked up the history of the valley and developed a yearning to play his own role. Edwin Land of Polaroid later told him about being asked by Eisenhower to help build the U-2 spy plane cameras to see how real the Soviet threat was. The film was dropped in canisters and returned to the NASA Ames Research Center in Sunnyvale, not far from where Jobs lived. “The first computer terminal I ever saw was when my dad brought me to the Ames Center,” he said. “I fell totally in love with it.” Other defense contractors sprouted nearby during the 1950s. The Lockheed Missiles and Space Division, which built submarine-launched ballistic missiles, was founded in 1956 next to the NASA Center; by the time Jobs moved to the area four years later, it employed twenty thousand people. A few hundred yards away, Westinghouse built facilities that produced tubes and electrical transformers for the missile systems. “You had all these military companies on the cutting edge,” he recalled. “It was mysterious and high-tech and made living here very exciting.” In the wake of the defense industries there arose a booming economy based on technology. Its roots stretched back to 1938, when David Packard and his new wife moved into a house in Palo Alto that had a shed where his friend Bill Hewlett was soon ensconced. The house had a garage—an appendage that would prove both useful and iconic in the valley—in which they tinkered around until they had their first product, an audio oscillator. By the 1950s, Hewlett-Packard was a fast-growing company making technical instruments. Fortunately there was a place nearby for entrepreneurs who had outgrown their garages. In a move that would help transform the area into the cradle of the tech revolution, Stanford University’s dean of engineering, Frederick Terman, created a seven-hundred-acre industrial park on university land for private companies that could commercialize the ideas of his students. Its first tenant was Varian Associates, where Clara Jobs worked. “Terman came up with this great idea that did more than anything to cause the tech industry to grow up here,” Jobs said. By the time Jobs was ten, HP had nine thousand employees and was the blue-chip company where every engineer seeking financial stability wanted to work. The most important technology for the region’s growth was, of course, the semiconductor. William Shockley, who had been one of the inventors of the transistor at Bell Labs in New Jersey, moved out to Mountain View and, in 1956, started a company to build transistors using silicon rather than the more expensive germanium that was then commonly used. But Shockley became increasingly erratic and abandoned his silicon transistor project, which led eight of his engineers—most notably Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore—to break away to form Fairchild Semiconductor. That company grew to twelve thousand employees, but it fragmented in 1968, when Noyce lost a power struggle to become CEO. He took Gordon Moore and founded a company that they called Integrated Electronics Corporation, which they soon smartly abbreviated to Intel. Their third employee was Andrew Grove, who later would grow the company by shifting its focus from memory chips to microprocessors. Within a few years there would be more than fifty companies in the area making semiconductors. The exponential growth of this industry was correlated with the phenomenon famously discovered by Moore, who in 1965 drew a graph of the speed of integrated circuits, based on the number of transistors that could be placed on a chip, and showed that it doubled about every two years, a trajectory that could be expected to continue. This was reaffirmed in 1971, when Intel was able to etch a complete central processing unit onto one chip, the Intel 4004, tronic amplifier. “So I raced home, and I told my dad that he was wrong.” “No, it needs an amplifier,” his father assured him. When Steve protested otherwise, his father said he was crazy. “It can’t work without an amplifier. There’s some trick.” “I kept saying no to my dad, telling him he had to see it, and finally he actually walked down with me and saw it. And he said, ‘Well I’ll be a bat out of hell.’” Jobs recalled the incident vividly because it was his first realization that his father did not know everything. Then a more disconcerting discovery began to dawn on him: He was smarter than his parents. He had always admired his father’s competence and savvy. “He was not an educated man, but I had always thought he was pretty damn smart. He didn’t read much, but he could do a lot. Almost everything mechanical, he could figure it out.” Yet the carbon microphone incident, Jobs said, began a jarring process of realizing that he was in fact more clever and quick than his parents. “It was a very big moment that’s burned into my mind. When I realized that I was smarter than my parents, I felt tremendous shame for having thought that. I will never forget that moment.” This discovery, he later told friends, along with the fact that he was adopted, made him feel apart—detached and separate—from both his family and the world. Another layer of awareness occurred soon after. Not only did he discover that he was brighter than his parents, but he discovered that they knew this. Paul and Clara Jobs were loving parents, and they were willing to adapt their lives to suit a son who was very smart—and also willful. They would go to great lengths to accommodate him. And soon Steve discovered this fact as well. “Both my parents got me. They felt a lot of responsibility once they sensed that I was special. They found ways to keep feeding me stuff and putting me in better schools. They were willing to defer to my needs.” So he grew up not only with a sense of having once been abandoned, but also with a sense that he was special. In his own mind, that was more important in the formation of his personality. School Even before Jobs started elementary school, his mother had taught him how to read. This, however, led to some problems once he got to school. “I was kind of bored for the first few years

　　二、改變“一考定終身”的不公平

　　2017年起，在高考招錄中會采用“兩依據一參考”政策，即依據高考統(tǒng)考成績和高中學業(yè)水平考試成績，參考高中學生綜合素質評價內容。

　　即，以后全中國的高考科目采用“3+3”模式，高考成績由語文、數學、外語3門統(tǒng)一高考成績和3門(物理、生物、化學、歷史、地理、政治6科中選3科)學生自主選擇的高中學業(yè)水平考試科目成績構成，作為高等學校錄取的基本依據。

　　新高考改革的一個重大突破，就是將高中學生的綜合評價內容作為招生錄取時的參考。從“招分”轉向“招人”，打破了過去以分數錄取學生、一考定終身的弊端。

　　三、所有科目，都將考驗語文水平

　　改變中國高考幾十年來文理分科帶來的偏科、知識面狹窄、過早抑制學生可塑性等的嚴重弊端。

　　“從幼升小一直到高考更大地鼓勵每個學生增加各學科知識的寬度、廣度而不是深度。”

　　將最大限度地提升全體學生的廣泛閱讀水平，讓每個學生在全程12年的基礎教育中逐步建立感興趣的學科方向。高質量的閱讀需要高水平的語文學習，語文重點突出中國優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化。

　　2017年北京高考語文如下圖：

　　沒有廣泛的語文閱讀積累是很難完成的。

　　“此外，今后的高考所有科目都會是對語文的持續(xù)考察。”

　　舉例：

　　原來參加高考做數學卷子可能所有的考題題面只有2000多字，以后的題面閱讀量也許會有5000多字甚至更多，閱讀、語文水平欠佳，做題速度、理解水平等都會受到很大影響，有的考生甚至連題都沒時間做完。

　　而這一切將反映在今后所有高考科目中。

　　有趣的是，據了解，在北京，原來通過奧數掐尖來的很多知名重點中學，正在前所未有地通過多種辦法，去迫不及待地提高那些奧數牛孩的語文和人文素養(yǎng)。

　　四、中國的“高考指揮棒”將完全指向全面素質教育

　　(1)分類考試，不再只用分數選人

　　以后的新高考、中考不再完全以分數作為選拔人才的wei/yi依據。原來只用分數這一把尺子選人，淘汰了太多本不該淘汰的“精英“，嚴重導致中國人口眾多而成材率卻明顯偏低。

　　“一個明顯的改變是，新高考方案中有一個很大的亮點就是實行分類考試，也就是高職院校與普通高校的考試招生分開進行。”

　　一個人喜歡干什么、適合干什么、能干什么、想干什么就去接受與之對應的高等教育。

　　但是目前受傳統(tǒng)觀念的影響，中國的老百姓普遍不認可高等職業(yè)教育，他們總感覺職業(yè)院校低人一等，所以新高考方案中的分類考試沒有引起足夠的反響，也沒有起到應有的作用。

　　(2)學校從幼升小便要開始注重培養(yǎng)興趣、特長

　　中國今后的高考錄取將完全改變舊有的錄取模式，先取消三本院校，并逐步實施按照專業(yè)錄取，改變一直持續(xù)至今的按照一本、二本、三本院校分數線錄取的方式。

　　2017年先行試點新高考的浙江省，每個學生將可填報80個專業(yè)，就是要充分挖掘出每個考生真正的興趣、特長、愛好等的方向，北京及全國其他地方2020年也已經正式確定采取這樣的大學錄取方向。

　　要想給自己的孩子選到zui.好的專業(yè)方向，最大限度確保孩子從“成人”到“成才”再到“成功”，興趣、特長、愛好的建立必須從小不間斷發(fā)現(xiàn)、引導和培養(yǎng)，幼升小時就成為開始學校這方面教育培養(yǎng)的起點。

　　(3)應試教育辦學模式將被淘汰

　　顧明遠深刻指出，將來高考制度徹底改革了，應試教育的辦學模式將來肯定是要被淘汰的。

　　新高考改革最終就是要改變這種現(xiàn)狀，徹底改變“應試教育是管用的”這種觀念，雖然改變的過程可能比較漫長，尤其是觀念的轉變非常困難。

　　眾所周知，中國的應試教育持續(xù)了幾十年，產生了錯綜復雜的利益共同體，也培植了以應試教育為起點的多如牛毛的輔導機構，更形成了幾代人揮之不去的強烈而頑固的應試教育情節(jié)，全社會推崇應試教育的觀念、力量、手段目前依然固若金湯。

　　不過，既然中央zui高層下了決心，從幼升小到高考史無前例地不斷推出全方位顛覆性的重大變革以對接上教育的規(guī)律和全球教育發(fā)展的趨勢，相信即便有ZD的掙扎也難撼變革的總方向。

　　五、降低小升初選拔難度

　　偏重搞全面素質教育而放棄傳統(tǒng)的應試教育，題中應有之意必然是降低小升初的強選拔性，使小學、初中教育逐步均衡并優(yōu)質。其中有三大舉措目前看是最見效的。

　　第一，將普通小學納入優(yōu)質教育學�；蚪逃�集團并實現(xiàn)直升優(yōu)質教育初中校;

　　第二，強推貫通培養(yǎng)。不僅小升初有優(yōu)質初中校直升，初中校的學生也會建立直升優(yōu)質高中的機制，以北京為例，2018年就會逐步開始推進;

　　第三，通過“校額到校”機制，讓更多普通初中校的學生能進入重點高中就讀。目前山東青島的校額到校比例已經達到了65%。

　　六、中國教育體制“迫不及待”需要拔尖創(chuàng)新人才

　　恢復高考40年，改革開放近40年，當時中國各方面人才曾極度匱乏，因此中國教育這40年來亟需“復制”大量人才，這種人才復制的教育培養(yǎng)機制為中國經濟的高速增長發(fā)揮了極其重大的作用。

　　隨著自然資源消耗持續(xù)加劇、環(huán)境污染日益深重、GDP迅速回落，目前的中國最急需的就是創(chuàng)新，創(chuàng)新要靠拔尖創(chuàng)新人才，拔尖創(chuàng)新人才的培養(yǎng)需要相適應的教育體制和機制。

　　歐美主要發(fā)達國家拔尖創(chuàng)新人才層出不窮，從產出概率來講遠勝我們，應試教育是封閉的教育，封閉的教育難以造就開放的環(huán)境從而產生大量拔尖創(chuàng)新人才，中國教育的大變革可以說是迫不及待了，也時不我待!

　　七、實施素質教育促進中國誠信體系的重建

　　很多發(fā)達國家的孩子學的課本比我們容易，課后玩的時間也比我們多，許多國家還沒有統(tǒng)一的類似我國高考的選拔機制，但并沒耽誤高端、拔尖創(chuàng)新人才的培養(yǎng)，獲得世界級科技獎的人數遠比我們多。

　　這從一個側面更印證了應試教育存在著嚴重的弊端。

　　不過，當一個制度很公平、看似機會相等的時候，即便它千瘡百孔也很難讓人舍棄。

　　其實，大家最擔心的是如果真搞了全面素質教育，那就遠不像應試教育那樣有分數的嚴格量化標準了，錢權交易怎么辦、走后門怎么辦、權力尋租怎么辦?!

　　“因此，在我們目前缺乏誠信體系的情況下，搞真正的全面素質教育就要促進國家誠信體系的建立。”

　　在沒有完全搞出這些機制前，中國的全面素質教育走向是很獨特的，沒有照抄照搬任何國家，是一個多方面的集合體，以避免出現(xiàn)不可控的的不公平。

　　中國搞素質教育是急需，誠信體系建立是漸進，雖有矛盾，但畢竟是大方向，需要我們開始漸變，真的需要轉向了!

　　八、生涯教育規(guī)劃必將日益重要

　　全面素質教育內容龐雜，體系眾多，遠不像應試教育那么單一，既要瞻前顧后又要恰如其分，需要很客觀全面的把握和策略。

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