1. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.

　　句意為：例如，一條污濁的小溪，在流經植物和微小生物棲息的巖石后，通常會變得清澈。

　　本句中for example為插入語，after flowing through plants and along rocks ... 為時間狀語，其中包含一個由where引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞rocks。

　　(2023新課標I卷)

　　2. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.

　　句意為：在第一部分中，我論述了數字極簡主義的哲學基礎，首先探討了到底是什么樣的力量使得許多人的數字生活越來越難以忍受，然后對數字極簡主義生活準則進行詳細討論。

　　starting with … 為分詞結構作狀語;that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞forces。

　　(2023新課標I卷)

　　3. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.

　　句意為：在這三十天結束時，你可以恢復少量精心挑選的，你認為將對你所珍視的東西大有裨益的線上活動。

　　that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞online activities;you value為省略了引導詞的定語從句，修飾先行詞the things。

　　(2023新課標I卷)

　　4. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.

　　句意為：你將了解到這些參與者的故事，知悉哪些策略對他們有效，以及他們遇到了哪些你應當避免的陷阱。

　　learn后有兩個由what引導的賓語從句，that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞traps。

　　(2023新課標I卷)

　　5. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use.

　　句意為：在這些章節(jié)中，我探討了獨處的重要性，以及培養(yǎng)高質量休閑活動的必要性等問題，以取代現(xiàn)在大多數人漫無目的地使用電子設備而花費的時間。

　　most now spend on … 為省略了引導詞的定語從句，修飾先行詞 the time，most意為“大多數人”。

　　(2023新課標I卷)

　　6. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.

　　句意為：這項研究的重要發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當大的群體被進一步分成更小的群體并允許討論時，這些群體(估算)的平均值比同樣數量的獨立個體的平均值更準確。

　　本句主干是個主系表結構：the key finding of the study was that ...;that引導的表語從句由一個主從復合句構成，其中when引導的條件狀語從句中又包含一個that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞smaller groups，主句the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals中的those指代the averages。

　　(2023新課標I卷)

　　7. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.

　　句意為：閱讀者的形象是貫穿歷史的，早在我們如今熟知的書籍出現(xiàn)之前很久，就已有展現(xiàn)閱讀者形象的藝術作品問世。

　　句子主干是：The image of the reader appears throughout history。in art …作狀語，made long before books … came into being作后置定語，修飾art;as we now know them為插入語。

　　(2023新課標Ⅱ卷)

　　8. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.

　　句意為：最近，由于書籍變得廉價甚至被隨意丟棄，藝術家們已經將書籍用作藝術品的原材料，將書籍的封面、內頁甚至整本書變成繪畫和雕塑作品。

　　本句為主從復合句，主句的主干為artists have used them as the raw material for artworks。as引導原因狀語從句，主句后的動詞-ing短語作伴隨狀語。

　　(2023新課標Ⅱ卷)

　　9. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.

　　句意為：他們調查了數百名公園游客，要求他們在線提交一份書面總結，描述一下他們在公園里與大自然進行的一次有意義的互動。

　　句子主干是：They surveyed several hundred park-goers;asking them ... nature in the park 作伴隨狀語;伴隨狀語中 they had with nature in the park 是省略了關系代詞的定語從句，修飾先行詞interaction。

　　(2023新課標Ⅱ卷)

　　10. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.

　　句意為：為每種自然體驗命名可以創(chuàng)造出一個可用的語言，它有助于幫助人們認識和參與最令人滿意和有意義的活動。

　　句子主干是：Naming each nature experience creates a usable language;which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞language，該定語從句中又包含另一個定語從句that are most satisfying and meaningful to them，修飾先行詞activities。

　　(2023新課標Ⅱ卷)

　　長難句翻譯練習(全國Ⅰ卷)

　　A

　　1. Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　2. Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　B

　　3. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　4. Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　5. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　C

　　6. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　7. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　8. The keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　9. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　閱讀七選五

　　10. If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　完形

　　11. Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　語法填空

　　12. Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements, leading to the illusion that populations are higher than they actually are.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　全國Ⅱ卷

　　A

　　13. There was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　14. It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what’s going on is horribly enjoyable.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　B

　　15. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　16. I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　17. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　18. In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　19. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　C

　　20. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.

　　分析：______________________________________________

　　翻譯：______________________________________________

　　參考解析——全國Ⅰ卷

　　A

　　1. 句意為：一年到頭都可以上政府網頁了解項目和有用的線上工具，這些工具能夠幫助30歲以下的人增強技能，找到工作或者創(chuàng)業(yè)。

　　2. 句意為：通過暑期工項目，學生每年能夠得到各種各樣的暑期工作，工作地點包括省公共服務機構，及與之相關的機構和社區(qū)組織。

　　B

　　3. 句意為：他有著明亮的黑眼睛，看起來像是那種喜歡在公眾場合演講的孩子。

　　4. 句意為：Whaley回想起年初的時候，當要Chris朗讀時，他就會請求去一趟衛(wèi)生間。when called upon to read句中省略了he was。

　　5. 句意為：Whaley解釋道，“對于任何一個學生來說，尤其是英語作為新語言學習的學生，自信地說出‘我不知道，但我想知道’需要付出很多。”

　　C

　　6. 句意為：這種智能鍵盤精確地測量人打字的節(jié)奏和按壓每個鍵的力度。本句包含一個由which引導的定語從句修飾the cadence。

　　7. 句意為：通過分析一些數據，例如使用者的打字力度和按鍵時間，(這種) 鍵盤可以提供一層強有力的安全措施。

　　8. 句意為：(這種) 鍵盤能確定人的身份，然后確定是否可以讓他們訪問已連接的電腦，不管這個人是否輸入了正確的密碼。the computer it’s connected to是省略了關系代詞的定語從句。

　　9. 句意為：根據參與者如何打字，從這臺裝置上收集來的數據可以用來辨認他們，錯誤率極低。collected from the device作定語修飾data，based on how they typed作方式狀語修飾recognize，with very low error rates作伴隨狀語修飾recognize。

　　閱讀七選五

　　10. 句意為：如果你呼吸的空氣是干凈的——倘若你遠離城市的煙霧，空氣應該是干凈的——那么空氣里滿是讓人充滿活力與生命力的氧氣。本句為if 引導的條件狀語從句，其中which it would be 是對前面進行解釋說明，指代 “the air you’re are breathing is clean”整句話。

　　完形

　　11. 句意為：乞力馬扎羅山是該得到一個人滿為患，安靜被破壞的這樣的名聲嗎?a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace中with … 為with復合結構作mountain的后置定語，在這個結構中，tourists和ruin之間為主動的關系，因此用了ruining。

　　語法填空

　　12. 句意為：對此，科學家們的回應是，饑餓的北極熊可能聚集在人類居住地附近，導致人們產生一種錯覺，認為它們的數量比實際數量要多。本句中有兩個that引導的從句，第一個that引導賓語從句，作noting的賓語;第二個that引導同位語從句，解釋說明先行詞the illusion。

　　全國Ⅱ卷

　　A

　　13. 句意為：過去雖然其他人都喜歡恐怖小說，但是我有點不太喜歡。不過，這本恐怖小說倒是很出色。句中that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞me;when引導讓步狀語從句，相當于although。

　　14. 句意為：它的情節(jié)撲朔迷離，當你意識到發(fā)生了什么時，沮喪就會成為一種可怕的享受。句中 when 引導的時間狀語從句前置于主句的表語之前，正常語序為：the frustration is horribly enjoyable when you realise what’s going on.

　　B

　　15. 句意為：我說起一位負責該活動的單親家長，他有四個孩子;也談到一位爸爸，即便他兒子沒在那個球隊，也給該球隊執(zhí)教。running the show作后置定語，修飾parent;coaching a team作后置定語，修飾dad;that引導定語從句，修飾team。

　　16. 句意為：我暗自欣慰，因為我知道眾多人分擔志愿者的工作會有真正的影響力。

　　17. 句意為：在欣慰的同時，也深刻理解了為什么同一撥人會不斷回來參與更多的活動：當你自愿地提供時間、金錢、技能或服務時，參與社區(qū)活動會給予真正的快樂。why引導賓語從句，作of的賓語;Connecting to the community作主語，provides a real joy作謂語，as引導時間狀語從句。

　　18. 句意為：從那個角度說，我很確信志愿服務是一種自私的行為，但我不愿承認這一點。

　　19. 句意為：然而，如果其他人在這個過程中受益，我也得到了一些回報，我的動機是什么重要嗎?if引導狀語從句，主句為does it really matter where my motivation lies。it是形式主語，指代where my motivation lies。

　　C

　　20. 句意為：有74%的人只在晚餐時間才一起吃飯。only+狀語放在句首，強調時間狀語，其后習慣上用部分倒裝。正確語序是We are eating together only at dinnertime anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.

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