高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)小貼士:莫把此it當(dāng)彼it
先請(qǐng)看下面兩道高考題:
1. (2006年山東)I’d appreciate ______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that B. it C. this D. you
2. (2006年全國(guó)卷I)If I can help _______, I don’t like working late into the night.
A. so B. that C. it D. them
這兩道題的答案均為it,但是,這兩個(gè)it并不是一回事。
【析】 在例1中,it是形式賓語(yǔ),它指代的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句if you would like to teach me how to use the computer的內(nèi)容。英語(yǔ)中,it的這種用法要受到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的限制,不能隨便使用。
這種情況主要有以下三種:
1. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love等后接由if或when等引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí),往往在從句前加形式賓語(yǔ)it。例如:
①The boy likes it when he’s praised before guests. (那個(gè)孩子喜歡在客人面前受表?yè)P(yáng)的時(shí)刻。)
②I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone. (有時(shí)非得用法語(yǔ)去打電話,我真感到討厭。)
2. 動(dòng)詞take(認(rèn)為,理解),hide(隱瞞),publish(公布)等后接由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),往往從句前加上形式賓語(yǔ)it。例如:
I take it that you disagree with me. (我的理解是,你和我的看法不同。)
3. 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)answer for(擔(dān)保),count on(期待),depend on, insist on, see to(確保)等后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),必須冠以形式賓語(yǔ)it。例如:
①I am counting on it that you will come.(我期待著你的到來(lái)。)
②Would you see to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim? (你負(fù)責(zé)保證孩子們?cè)谟斡局蟪缘揭活D熱飯,好嗎?)
【注】 這種情況與我們所熟悉的it作形式賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)并不相同,因?yàn)樵谒鬀](méi)有形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。我們熟悉這些說(shuō)法:
③I thought it strange that she hadn’t written. (她沒(méi)有寫信,我感到很奇怪。)
④Our teacher made it a rule that we should get to school 10 minutes ahead of time. (老師規(guī)定,我們提前10分鐘到校。)
⑤She thinks it wrong that he didn’t answer the phone. (她認(rèn)為他當(dāng)時(shí)不接電話是不對(duì)的。)
【析】 文章開頭第2題中的it含義和用法與第1題迥然不同。這里it用作代詞,指代的是working late into the night這件事;if one can help it意為“如果可能,如果辦得到”。本句的意思為“要是辦得到,我也不愿意工作到深夜”。又如:
①I can’t stand it (=this situation) any longer.
我再也不能忍受這種情況了。
②What’s it like going with you?
和你一起去會(huì)是什么樣呢?
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